Throughout the development of the engineering construction industry at home and abroad, BIM has become an important tool to continuously optimize the construction project productivity. The real improvement of project construction productivity is mainly reflected in the application of BIM technology. Therefore, the research and analysis of the typical application of BIM in China can provide some help and thinking for the units that are undertaking BIM projects or have BIM application ideas.

01. BIM model maintenance

The BIM model is established and maintained according to the project construction progress. The essence is to use the BIM platform to collect all the construction engineering information of each project team, eliminate the island of information in the project, and organize and store the obtained information in combination with the 3D model, so as to be Shared by all relevant stakeholders in the whole process of the project at any time. Since the use of BIM determines the accuracy of BIM model details, and only one BIM tool cannot complete all the work, the industry mainly adopts the "distributed" BIM model method to establish BIM models in line with the existing conditions and USES of engineering projects. The BIM "distributed" model is also reflected in the fact that BIM models are often independently established by relevant design units, construction units or operation units according to their respective work scope, and finally synthesized through unified standards. This will increase the management difficulty of BIM modeling standards, version management and data security. Therefore, sometimes owners will entrust independent BIM service providers to uniformly plan, maintain and manage the BIM application of the whole project to ensure the accuracy, timeliness and safety of BIM model information.

02. Site analysis

Site analysis is the main factor that affects the location of buildings. It is the process of determining the spatial orientation and appearance of buildings and establishing the relationship between buildings and surrounding landscape. In the planning stage, the site topography, vegetation and climatic conditions are all important factors affecting the design decision, and it is often necessary to evaluate and analyze various influencing factors such as landscape planning, environmental status, construction supporting facilities and traffic flow after completion through site analysis. Traditional site analysis such as quantitative analysis of the deficiencies, subjective factors is overweight, unable to process a large amount of data information, etc, by combining with geographic information system (GIS), plus one on the site, and proposed the spatial data modeling of buildings, via the BIM and the powerful function of GIS software, convincing analysis results quickly, help project in the planning stage to evaluate the use of the site condition and characteristic, thus to make the new project is the most ideal site planning, traffic streamline organization relationship, architectural layout and other key decisions.

03. Architectural Planning

Architectural planning is the process of obtaining the design basis according to the quantitative analysis after the overall planning objectives are determined. Relative to the design content and basis on experiences (design specification), the traditional way of building planning using the social environment of the construction goal and the related factors of logic and mathematical analysis, the research project specification for design of reasonable orientation, to develop and demonstrate the architectural design basis and scientific design content is determined, and look for ways to achieve the goal of science. In this process, in addition to using architectural principles, drawing lessons from past experience and observing norms, it is more important to use modern means such as computer to study the target on the basis of real state investigation. BIM can help the project team understand the standards and regulations of complex Spaces through space analysis during the building planning stage, thus saving time and providing the possibility of more value-added activities for the team. Especially when customers discuss needs, choose and analyze the best solution, they can make critical decisions with the help of BIM and relevant analysis data. The application of BIM in construction planning stage results will also help the architect in the architectural design phase at any time to check the preliminary design whether to conform to the requirements of the owner, whether meet the design basis of architectural planning stages to get from the BIM coherent information transfer or back, greatly reduce the detail design phase after found unqualified need to modify the design of the huge waste.

04. Scheme Demonstration

During the proposal demonstration phase, project investors can use BIM to assess the layout, view, lighting, safety, ergonomics, acoustics, texture, color, and compliance with specifications of the design proposal. BIM can even analyze the details of the building and quickly analyze the problems that may need to be solved in the design and construction. In the program demonstration stage, BIM can also be used to provide convenient and low-cost different solutions for project investors to choose. Through data comparison and simulation analysis, advantages and disadvantages of different solutions can be found to help project investors quickly evaluate the cost and time of construction investment solutions. For the designer, evaluating the designed space through BIM provides a high level of interaction effect in order to obtain positive feedback from users and owners. The real-time modification of design is often based on the feedback of the end users. Under the BIM platform, the focus issues concerned by all parties of the project are easier to be intuitively presented and consensus is quickly reached, and the corresponding decision-making time is also reduced than before.

05. Visual Design

3 on3dmax, Sketchup the emergence of these 3 d visual design software powerful makes up for the owners and end users due to a lack of the understanding ability of traditional architectural drawings and caused the communication gap between the designer, but due to the limitations of the software design concept and function, make the 3 d visualization display both used in prophase scheme scrutiny and periodic rendering, and really there is a considerable gap between the design scheme of. BIM the advent of the designer not only have the design of 3 d visualization tools, what you see is what you get, the more important is by improving the tools that designers can use of architectural design, 3 d way of thinking, but also make the owners and end users really get rid of the technical barriers to restrict, know what their investment can get at any time. Visualization is the form of "what you see and get". For the construction industry, the real application of visualization in the construction industry is very important. For the general simple things, imagination is not impossible, but now the architectural forms of the construction industry are different, complex modeling is constantly introduced, it is not realistic to rely on the human brain to imagine. Therefore, BIM provides a visual idea that enables people to form a three-dimensional physical figure from the previous line-type components. Now the construction industry also has the design aspects of the renderings, but this kind of renderings are subcontracted to the professional renderings production team to read the design produced line information production, not through the automatic generation of component information, lack of interaction and feedback between components. However BIM mentioned formed between interactive visualization is a kind of can with components and visual feedback, in a BIM model, because the whole process is visual, visualize the results not only can be used for rendering display and report generation, and, more importantly, project design, construction, operation in the process of communication, discussion, decision making is done in the visualization of state.

06. Collaborative Design

Collaborative design is an emerging architectural design method, which enables different professional designers distributed in different geographical locations to carry out the design work cooperatively through the network. Collaborative design is emerging in the context of profound changes in the construction industry environment and the change of traditional architectural design methods. It is also the product of the combination of digital architectural design technology and the rapidly developing network technology. The existing collaborative design is mainly based on THE CAD platform, which cannot fully realize the information exchange between majors. This is because the common file format of CAD is only the description of graphics, unable to load additional information, resulting in the data between majors does not have relevance. The emergence of BIM makes collaboration no longer a simple document reference. BIM technology provides the underlying support for collaborative design and greatly improves the technical content of collaborative design. With the help of the technical advantages of BIM, the scope of coordination has also been extended from the simple design stage to the full life cycle of the building, which requires the collective participation of all parties such as planning, design, construction and operation, and thus has a broader significance, thus bringing a substantial improvement in comprehensive benefits.

07. Performance analysis

The use of computers for performance-based analysis of building physics began in the 1960s or even earlier, and has already formed mature theoretical support and developed rich tools and software. But in the age of CAD, no matter what kind of analysis software must be through the manual way can input the relevant data to carry out the analysis and calculation, and the operation and use these software needs not only a trained professional and technical personnel, at the same time due to the adjustment of the design scheme, caused the already time-consuming data entry work need frequent repeat entry or check, result in building, including building energy analysis, physical performance-based analysis is usually arranged in design stage, become a kind of symbolic work, make the architectural design and performance-based analysis and calculation. Using BIM technology, architects in the design process to create the virtual building model already contains a large number of design information (information geometry, material properties, component properties, etc.), as long as the model import related performance-based analysis software, the corresponding analysis results can be obtained, originally need professionals spend a lot of time to enter the process of a large number of professional data, can now be done automatically, reduce the cycle of the performance-based analysis, improve the quality of the design, but also make the design companies to provide more professional skills and service for the owners.

08. Quantity statistics

In the era of CAD, because CAD cannot store the necessary information for the computer to automatically calculate the components of an engineering project, it needs to rely on manual measurement and statistics according to the drawings or CAD files, or use special cost calculation software to re-model according to the drawings or CAD files and then the computer automatically carries out statistics. The former not only needs to consume a lot of manpower, but also is prone to errors caused by manual calculation. The latter also needs to update the model in time according to the adjusted design scheme. If it lags behind, the statistical data of the quantity of construction will often become invalid. BIM is a database rich in engineering information, which can truly provide the quantity of engineering information needed for cost management. With the help of this information, the computer can quickly carry out statistical analysis on various components, greatly reducing the tedious manual operation and potential errors, and it is very easy to achieve the complete consistency between the quantity of engineering information and the design scheme. The accurate quantity statistics obtained by BIM can be used for the cost estimation of the design process in the early stage, the exploration of different design schemes within the scope of the owner's budget or the comparison of the construction cost of different design schemes, as well as the quantity budget before the construction starts and the final account of the quantity after the construction is completed.

09. Pipeline Synthesis

With the increase of building scale and functional complexity, no matter the design enterprise or the construction enterprise or even the owner, the comprehensive requirements of electromechanical pipelines are more and more intense. In the era of CAD, mainly led by building or mechanical and electrical professional design enterprise, to print all drawings into figure of sulfuric acid and then the pipeline comprehensive professional fold drawings together, due to the lack of information and lack of 2 d drawings intuitive communication platform, lead to pipeline comprehensive became the most not trust let owner before the construction technology. By using BIM technology and building BIM models of various specialties, designers can easily find the collision and conflict in the design in the virtual THREE-DIMENSIONAL environment, thus greatly improving the comprehensive design ability and work efficiency of pipelines. This can not only eliminate the collision in the construction link of the project in time; Significantly reduce the resulting change request form, greatly improve the production efficiency of the construction site, reduce the cost increase and project delay caused by construction coordination.

10. Construction progress simulation

Building construction is a highly dynamic process. With the continuous expansion of the scale and the increasing complexity of the construction project, the construction project management becomes extremely complex. At present, the Gantt chart, which is often used to represent the progress plan in construction project management, is unable to clearly describe the construction progress and various complex relationships due to its strong professionalism and low degree of visualization. It is difficult to accurately express the dynamic change process of engineering construction. By linking BIM with construction schedule and integrating spatial information and Time information in a visual 4D (3D+Time) model, the construction process of the whole building can be directly and accurately reflected. The construction simulation technology can reasonably formulate the construction plan, accurately grasp the construction schedule by 4D, optimize the use of construction resources and scientifically arrange the site, and conduct unified management and control of the construction schedule, resources and quality of the whole project, so as to shorten the construction period, reduce costs and improve quality. In addition in the 4 d model construction enterprises will take advantage of bidding in project bidding, BIM can assist in the bid evaluation experts from the 4 d model quickly learn the tendering units main construction control method of bidding project, the construction arrangement are balanced, the overall plan is basically reasonable, such as the construction experience of tendering units and strength to make effective evaluation.

11. Construction organization simulation

Construction organization is an important means of scientific management of construction activities, which determines the content of construction preparation at each stage and coordinates the mutual relations among construction units, construction types and resources during the construction process. Construction organization design is a comprehensive solution of technology, economy and organization used to guide all activities in the whole process of construction project. It is the product of organic combination of construction technology and construction project management. The key or difficult parts of the project can be simulated by BIM, and the construction and installation scheme can be analyzed and optimized by month, day and hour. To improve the feasibility of the plan, simulate and analyze some important construction links or key parts of the new construction technology, construction site layout and other construction guidance measures; Also, BIM technology can be used to conduct a preview in conjunction with the construction organization plan to improve the constructability of complex building systems (such as construction formwork, glass assembly, anchoring, etc.). Using BIM simulation of construction organization and project management to intuitive understanding of the time node of the whole construction installation and the installation process, and clearly grasp the difficult points and the key points in the process of installation, construction can also be used to further optimize the original installation plan and improvement, in order to improve the safety of construction efficiency and construction scheme.

12. Digital construction

The manufacturing industry is currently extremely productive, in part because of the automation of manufacturing methods using digital data models. Similarly, the combination of BIM and digital manufacturing can also improve the production efficiency of the construction industry. Through the combination of BIM model and digital construction system, the construction industry can also adopt similar methods to realize the automation of building construction process. Many components in a building can be processed in different places and transported to the construction site for assembly into the building (such as doors and Windows, precast concrete structures and steel structures). Through digital construction, the prefabrication of building components can be completed automatically. These components manufactured by factory precision machinery technology not only reduce construction errors, but also greatly improve the productivity of component manufacturing, making the construction period of the whole building shorter and easier to control. The direct use of BIM models in the manufacturing process can also create a natural feedback loop between the manufacturer and the designer, that is, consider in advance the realization of digital construction as much as possible in the architectural design process. Similarly, sharing component models with participating manufacturers also helps to shorten the bidding period, making it easier for manufacturers to prepare more uniform bidding documents according to the component consumption required by design. At the same time, the coordination of standardized components also helps to reduce on-site problems and reduce the rising construction and installation costs.

13. Material tracking

With the improvement of standardization, factorization and digitization level in the construction industry, as well as the increasing complexity of equipment used in buildings, more and more construction and equipment components are processed through factories and transported to the construction site for efficient assembly. Whether these building components and equipment can be transported to the site in time, whether they meet the design requirements, and whether the quality is qualified will become the impact of the construction of the entire construction process.

14. Construction site coordination

BIM not only integrates the complete information of the building, but also provides a three-dimensional communication environment. Compared with the traditional mode, the efficiency of the project parties is greatly improved after the effective information is found from the drawing stack on site. BIM is becoming a communication platform to facilitate the parties to the construction site communication, convenient items to let all staff to coordinate project plan, project can be made, in a timely manner to eliminate risks and reduce the resulting changes, so as to shorten the construction time, reduce caused by design coordination costs, improve the efficiency of the construction site.

15. Delivery of the completed model

As a system, when the building process is completed and ready to be put into use, the building needs to be tested and adjusted to ensure that it can operate according to the original design. In the handover process after the completion of the project, the property management department shall obtain not only conventional design drawings and as-built drawings, but also documents and materials related to operation and maintenance that can correctly reflect the real equipment status, material installation and use, etc. BIM can organically integrate building spatial information and equipment parameter information, and provide a way for owners to obtain complete building global information. Through the association between BIM and the construction process record information, even the completion information integration including hidden project data can be realized, which not only brings convenience to the follow-up property management, but also can provide effective historical information for the owner and the project team in the future renovation, transformation and expansion process.

16. Maintenance plan

Structural facilities (such as walls, floors, roofs, etc.) and equipment facilities (such as equipment, pipes, etc.) require continuous maintenance during the life of the building. A successful maintenance program will reduce overall maintenance costs by improving building performance, reducing energy consumption and repair costs. Combined with the operation and maintenance management system, BIM model can give full play to the advantages of spatial positioning and data recording, reasonably formulate maintenance plans, and assign special personnel for special maintenance work, so as to reduce the probability of emergencies occurring in the use of buildings. It is also possible to track the maintenance history of some important equipment, so as to make an early judgment on the applicable state of the equipment.

17. Asset Management

An orderly asset management system will effectively improve the management level of building assets or facilities, but due to the fragmentation of information between construction and operation, these asset information needs to be input by a large number of manual operations in the early stage of operation, which is prone to data entry errors. A large amount of building information contained in BIM can be successfully imported into the asset management system, greatly reducing the time and manpower input in data preparation for system initialization. In addition, as the traditional asset management system itself cannot accurately locate the location of assets, the BIM combined with RFID asset tag chip can also make the location and related parameter information of assets in buildings clear at a glance and quickly query.

18. Space Management

Space management is the management of building space by the owner in order to save space cost, make effective use of space and provide a good working and living environment for the end users. BIM can not only be used to effectively manage resources such as building facilities and assets, but also help the management team to record the use of space, deal with end-user requests for space changes, analyze the use of existing space, reasonably allocate building space, and ensure the maximum utilization of space resources.

19. Building system analysis

Building system analysis is the process of measuring the performance of a building against the owner's usage requirements and design requirements, including how the mechanical system operates and the building energy consumption analysis, internal and external airflow simulation, lighting analysis, human flow analysis, etc. BIM combines with professional building system analysis software to avoid repeated modeling and collection of system parameters. BIM can verify whether the building is built according to specific design regulations and sustainable standards. Through these analysis and simulation, system parameters and even system renovation plan can be finally determined and modified to improve the performance of the whole building.

20. Disaster emergency simulation

BIM and the corresponding disaster analysis and simulation software can be used to simulate the process of the disaster before it occurs, analyze the causes of the disaster, and formulate the measures to avoid the disaster, as well as the emergency plan for evacuation and rescue support after the disaster. When a disaster occurs, BIM model can provide complete information of emergency points for rescue workers, effectively improving the efficiency of emergency response. In addition of building automation system can timely access to buildings and equipment state information, through the combination of BIM and building automation systems, makes the BIM model can clearly show the location of the emergency which is within buildings and even to the point of emergency the most suitable route, rescue workers can make the right site disposal, improving the efficiency of emergency operations.