Over the past four years since the belt and road initiative was first put forward, the One Belt And One Road initiative has gradually turned from concept into action and vision into reality. It has become a new platform for all-round opening up and cooperation, injected new impetus into global economic development, and pushed forward the building of a community with a Shared future for mankind. Energy and electricity cooperation is an important part of One Belt And One Road. Countries along the "One Belt And One Road" have uneven energy and resource endowments, uneven infrastructure levels, lagging behind in the construction of energy transport corridors, and numerous obstacles in the allocation of resources. Cooperation in the field of energy and electricity is highly complementary and has huge potential for development.

In fact, since the launch of the One Belt And One Road initiative, cooperation in energy and electricity has yielded fruitful results. Countries along the One Belt And One Road route include countries with rich oil and gas resources, such as the Middle East, central Asia and Russia, and emerging markets, such as China and India, which consume a lot of energy and lack oil and gas resources. They can each do their best to complement each other. The "One Belt And One Road" initiative has accelerated the pace of cooperation in key energy fields such as oil and gas, mainly in the construction of cross-border oil and gas transport channels and cooperation in the upstream and downstream oil and gas industry chains. By the first half of 2017, CNPC had carried out nearly 50 oil and gas cooperation projects in 19 countries along the belt and Road, covering 75% of large overseas oil and gas production projects of 10 million tons. Sinopec has implemented 18 oil and gas cooperation projects in 11 countries along the One Belt And One Road route. Cnooc has carried out 8 oil and gas cooperation projects in countries along the "One Belt And One Road".

In addition, most countries along the "One Belt And One Road" have lagged behind in electric power development, seriously hindering economic and social development, and have rigid demands for transnational investment and technology transfer. However, China is advanced in electric power technology and has rich experience in construction, so there is huge potential for cooperation. "One Belt And One Road" power cooperation is mainly about resource development and power supply construction, power transmission and transformation project construction and transnational power grid interconnection projects. Power generation enterprises represented by state-owned power generation groups are mainly engaged in power generation business in countries along the "One Belt And One Road". China Energy Construction Corporation and China Power Construction Corporation have more than 500 power engineering projects in countries along the belt and Road, accounting for about 60% of overseas projects, and have gradually expanded from project contracting to investment and financing, design consulting, operation management and other fields. The projects undertaken by the state grid corporation of China in Ethiopia, Poland, myanmar, Laos and other countries along the "One Belt And One Road" route have led to the export of Chinese electrical equipment to 83 countries and regions, with the total export contract value exceeding us $40 billion. Nanrui Group and other electrical equipment enterprises mainly engaged in equipment export, project contracting related businesses.

"One Belt And One Road" countries along the energy and electricity demand growth is mainly affected by economic and social development, national energy policy and other factors.

From the perspective of economic and social development: first, most of the countries along the One Belt And One Road are in the early stage of economic development, and the continuous advancement of industrialization and information technology will inevitably bring sustained growth of energy demand; Second, countries along the "One Belt And One Road" are rich in resources and are the production centers and export forces of global energy. Energy development and technological progress will inject strong impetus into their economic development. Third, China's continuous expansion of trade and direct investment to countries along the "One Belt And One Road" will provide important support for their economic development. Fourth, the uncertainty of political situation in a few countries along the "One Belt And One Road" has a certain impact on their economic development.

From the perspective of energy policies of countries along the belt and Road: On the one hand, countries dependent on energy export seek multilateral energy cooperation, introduce advanced technology and equipment, improve the efficiency of resource development, and avoid taking energy export as the biggest or even the only driving force of economic growth; On the other hand, countries dependent on energy import are vigorously developing renewable energy while actively expanding energy import sources and building a diversified and complementary energy supply system.

Taking economic and social development, energy policy orientation, energy resources and reserves, energy technology progress and other factors into consideration, we find that countries along the "One Belt And One Road" have huge potential for energy and electricity cooperation.

For example, in terms of economic development, the "One Belt And One Road" construction will drive sustained and rapid economic growth. It is estimated that the GDP of One Belt And One Road countries along the belt and road will reach us $31.6 trillion in 2030 and grow at an average annual rate of 5.2% from 2015 to 2030, which is about 2.0 percentage points higher than the world level in the same period. It is estimated that the total population of One Belt And One Road countries along the belt and road will reach 4.05 billion in 2030, with an average annual growth rate of 1.2% from 2014 to 2030, 0.4 percentage points higher than the world level in the same period.

In terms of energy demand, "One Belt And One Road" countries along the route of energy demand growth will accelerate. In terms of primary energy, it is estimated that the total demand of countries along the "One Belt And One Road" will reach 11.34 billion tons of standard coal by 2030, with an average annual growth rate of 3.3% from 2014 to 2020 and 3.8% from 2020 to 2030. By 2030, per capita energy demand will reach 2.8 tons of standard coal, an increase of 17% over the 2014 level and roughly equivalent to the world average. In terms of terminal energy, it is estimated that the total demand of countries along the "One Belt And One Road" will reach 8 billion tons of standard coal in 2030, with an average annual growth rate of 3.7% and 4.1% from 2014 to 2020 and from 2020 to 2030 respectively.

Among them, by category, electricity demand growth will accelerate, the growth of fossil energy demand will slow down. It is estimated that the total electricity consumption of One Belt And One Road countries in 2020 and 2030 will reach 9.2 trillion and 19.7 trillion KWH respectively, with the per capita electricity consumption of 2,024 KWH and 4,166 KWH respectively. The terminal electrification level will increase from 15.6% in 2014 to 17.3% in 2020 and 24.6% in 2030, making an important contribution to the improvement of the overall electrification level of the world.

The average annual growth rate of electricity demand in One Belt And One Road countries from 2014 to 2020 and from 2020 to 2030 is 5.7% and 7.9% respectively. Coal demand is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 3.5% and 1.4%, oil at 3.6% and 2.7%, and natural gas at 4.1% and 3.1%, respectively, all of which have slowed down (see Chart 2).

In terms of power investment, countries along the "One Belt And One Road" line will account for the majority of global power investment. It is estimated that from 2014 to 2030, the global accumulative power investment scale will be about 6.0 trillion us dollars, among which "One Belt And One Road" countries along the belt and road will account for about 40% of the total global power investment, and China will account for nearly 60% of the total global power investment. On average, by 2030, the average annual power investment in One Belt And One Road countries will be about us $375 billion, of which about 55% will be used for power development and 45% for grid construction.

In general, One Belt And One Road's fruitful achievements in the field of energy and electricity will give new vitality to the ancient silk road.