Why use BIM? Design institute is to division of labor, there are buildings, structures, mechanical and electrical (water heating). Each major has to do its share of the work, and then we work together to complete a building. Here's an example of one of the reasons for using BIM:

Let's say this is 200 years ago. I asked four friends of ABCD to come to my house for dinner, but on one condition: each of them had to bring a cooking tool before we could cook. They couldn't communicate before they came to my house. A thinks and brings A pot, B thinks and brings A pot, C thinks and brings A pot, D thinks and brings A pot. Everyone is right, but the meal is impossible to cook. I had no choice but to invite everyone out for dinner, which cost a lot of money. Why is that? There was no control over the meal because people didn't know each other during the process.

Two hundred years later, with the advent of cell phones, the ABCD quartet had already distributed the tools they needed to take with them before they left the house. Apparently, a lot of surprises had been ruled out before the meal was cooked. Modeling software like Revit is like a mobile phone, and BIM is a way to communicate ahead of time and improve things. Because of the mobile phone, each party knows the situation of the other parties, and through negotiation, it can predict the outcome and change the outcome before it happens. Actually strengthens each party to control the project.

With BIM tools, communication will be more efficient.

So what are the roles of BIM in design and construction?

BIM is applied at every stage of a construction project. Why not use "building project" instead? Because, the design institute, draw a drawing, is called the completion of a "project", renderings of the company, P completed two bird's eye view, is also called the completion of a "project". But in a complete construction project, although the architect is the beginning, but only a fraction of the cost of the whole project. What's more, the difference will be divided between the rendering company and the model company.

The four stages of a construction project: planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance. This time, I will only focus on the design and construction, which are subdivided as follows:

1. Scheme design

2. The early expansion

3. The construction drawing

4. Refine construction drawings

5. Construction process

6. Completion acceptance

The first three steps are completed by the design party, while the last four steps are basically completed by the construction party. At present, the role of BIM in the construction stage is obviously more important than that in the design stage.

1. Scheme design

In the scheme phase, the use of BIM tools can more accurately estimate the performance and cost. We often use ecotect, Vasari, Fluent, VE, EnergyPlus and other software for energy consumption analysis, structural analysis, daylighting analysis, green building analysis, building design code inspection and so on. If this building scheme had been designed with light in mind, there would not have been such a dazzling sunset in the office.

2. Preliminary expansion and construction drawing

In the preliminary expansion and construction drawing stage, carry out comprehensive inspection to detect the collision between different majors in advance. And calculate the cost according to the schedule. According to different owners, project conditions and relevant policies, the design institute will choose whether to involve BIM team. For example, if the area is more or less, BIM must be used. For certain types of buildings, BIM must be used. However, the owner of the decision is also very big. If the owner requires the designer to submit the construction drawing, the Revit model shall be submitted together with the design party. The design institute will comply with the contract. Of course, the design institute will charge an extra fee.

If client asks designer to provide Revit model and data. This information, together with the construction drawing I, will be forwarded to the construction party. If the designer is not required to provide the Revit model, the construction party will get the construction drawing and rebuild the Revit model according to the construction drawing.

The current situation is that most construction parties will re-model whether the design institute submits the Revit model or not. Why is that?

Because the construction process is very dependent on the accuracy and comprehensiveness of Revit model, if the model of the design institute does not meet the requirements, the loss will be very serious.

Why does the Revit model built by the design institute not meet the requirements of the construction party?

There are three reasons:

1) The model information added by the designer does not match the information required by the construction party

2) There is no reliable tool for checking model compliance. I will mention Solibri platform later

3) Unclear rights and responsibilities. Even if the design institute randomly builds a Revit model, it is not responsible.

3. Detailed construction drawings

First of all, the construction party conducts Revit modeling according to the construction drawing and BIM model prepared by the design party. At this time, there will be a general disclosure meeting, that is, the design institute will explain the intention of the design to the construction side, and answer the construction side's questions on the drawings. This step should solve the collision problem, optimize the pipeline alignment, and reduce the construction difficulty. Secondly, it is necessary to conduct construction simulation and decide on the construction plan. Please give your own opinions:

1) Construction progress simulation, that is, according to the construction plan, do a video to simulate the construction, how many floors are reached today, how many people are needed, how much concrete. There are many types of simulation to be subdivided, such as the construction simulation of the masonry structure of frame structure and the simulation of vertical transportation scheme. The significance of BIM lies in these new applications.

2) Layout simulation of the construction site. During the construction, there are many participants. The location of the equipment on the construction site and the time to enter the site should be decided in advance. Otherwise it would be full of trucks and I wouldn't know how to play.

3) For complex construction sites, special construction schemes should be developed. Amu does some BIM process design work in the Metro Group, and they also put forward the construction simulation of complex processes separately. Of course, all these should be combined with local design codes and construction codes to directly guide the construction. Therefore, BIM engineers must have construction experience to give full play to their value.

4. Construction process

In this process, the model and database information will be updated in time, and different majors will be different. From the mechanical and electrical, there are three main: entry, installation, acceptance. In other words, the site was sealed off during the construction. We often see a site outside sealed temporary metal plate, said: Construction for your inconvenience, please understand. There is a time for the approval of those devices to enter the field, which needs to be recorded on the model. Of course, there may be not only Revit here, but also quanta, Luban, NW and other software involved. In this way, we can count the number of incoming equipment and specific code at any time. Similarly, which devices are installed? Which equipment has been accepted? The pipe leaks. That must be something to check, right? Therefore, the Revit model should be updated timely during the construction process. In addition, the construction condition is not consistent with the simulated condition. Then, it is necessary to record the actual construction in time. There is a rivet here and a nail there. With the above updated data, the owner, the construction company and the supervisor can keep abreast of the progress, cost, site situation, safety and quality management and other issues. That makes sense.

5. Completion acceptance

First, we need to know what the as-built model is for. Za a project finished, owner and inspect manage want to check and accept qualified or not. After being determined qualified, the owner is anxious to lend the money back to the bank, the building is about to operate, good, the operation needs maintenance, right? For example, if a device is required to be replaced after 7 years, who remembers this information? The finished model, of course. Therefore, the information required for the completed model should be comprehensive. In addition, because the construction process is different from the original construction simulation in many places, the completed model must be updated to the latest situation. Be accurate. For example, if a water pipe in a shopping mall is broken, the operation unit can immediately search for the valve, the manufacturer of water pipe, the date of delivery, the date of installation, the person who accepts and accepts it, the warranty period, the price, the contact information of the seller and so on. Therefore, the finished model should be the latest and most complete model.

BIM is not only a practical tool, but also a way of thinking. We are facing an era of change, if you want to stand firm in this era, only keep the ability to learn.